Step 1. Copyright (for books, music, art, video, software, etc.)
Free: You automatically own copyright as soon as you create it.
Register (optional but powerful):
- Go to copyright.gov.
- Click “Register a Work.”
- Choose the cheapest option that fits:
Single author, one work: $45.
Standard: $65.
Group deals: Photos (up to 750) = $55, short online writings (up to 50) = $65.
- Upload your file + pay the fee.
Why register? It lets you sue for damages, proves ownership, and protects against theft.
Step 2. Trademark (for your brand name, logo, or slogan)
Free: Start using ™ (goods) or ℠ (services). That’s “common-law rights.”
State Registration: Around $50 per class (protects only in your state).
Federal Registration (best option):
- Search USPTO’s database. Make sure no one else is using your name/logo.
- Pick ONE class of goods/services to save money.
- Use USPTO’s ID Manual to describe your goods/services (avoids $200 penalty).
- File online at USPTO.gov → $350 per class.
- If you’re not selling yet, file as “Intent-to-Use.” Later, submit proof for $150 more.
Tip: File a word mark first (covers all fonts/styles). Add logo later if needed.
Step 3. Patent (for inventions, new processes, devices)
Step A. Search first (free): Use Google Patents or USPTO search to see if someone already did it.
Step B. Provisional Patent Application (PPA):
- Write a clear description + simple drawings of your invention.
- Fill out USPTO’s Form SB/16 (cover sheet).
- File online at Patent Center →
Micro entity fee: $65 (if you qualify for low income / few prior patents).
- You can now legally say “Patent Pending” for 12 months.
Step C. Non-Provisional (Full Patent):
- Must file within 12 months if you want an actual patent.
- Micro entity government fees ≈ $400 total (basic, search, exam).
- File online in DOCX format to avoid extra fees.
Design Patent Option (for product looks only): Cheaper—about $260 total as a micro entity.
Money-Saving Hacks
Copyright: Use group registration if you make lots of photos or online posts.
Trademark: Stick to one class, use ID Manual, and file correctly to dodge $200–$300 extra fees.
Patent: File provisional first ($65). Test your idea before spending on the full patent.
✅ Bottom line (minimum path):
Copyright your work = $45–$65.
Trademark your brand = $350 (federal) or $50 (state).
Patent your invention = $65 provisional → $400 full later.
